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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク DLVO theory ： ウィキペディア英語版 DLVO theory The DLVO theory is named after Boris Derjaguin and Lev Landau, Evert Verwey and . The theory explains the aggregation of aqueous dispersions quantitatively and describes the force between charged surfaces interacting through a liquid medium. It combines the effects of the van der Waals attraction and the electrostatic repulsion due to the so-called double layer of counterions. The electrostatic part of the DLVO interaction is computed in the mean field approximation in the limit of low surface potentials - that is when the potential energy of an elementary charge on the surface is much smaller than the thermal energy scale, $k\_B\; T$. For two spheres of radius $a$ each having a charge $Z$ (expressed in units of the elementary charge) separated by a center-to-center distance $r$ in a fluid of dielectric constant $\backslash epsilon\_r$ containing a concentration $n$ of monovalent ions, the electrostatic potential takes the form of a screened-Coulomb or Yukawa repulsion, : $\backslash beta\; U(r)\; =\; Z^2\; \backslash lambda\_B\; \backslash ,\; \backslash left(\backslash frac\backslash right)^2\; \backslash ,\; \backslash frac,$ where $\backslash lambda\_B$ is the Bjerrum length, $\backslash kappa^$ is the Debye–Hückel screening length, which is given by $\backslash kappa^2\; =\; 4\; \backslash pi\; \backslash lambda\_B\; n$, and $\backslash beta^\; =\; k\_B\; T$ is the thermal energy scale at absolute temperature $T$. ==History== In 1923, Debye and Hückel reported the first successful theory for the distribution of charges in ionic solutions. 〔 . 〕 The framework of linearized Debye–Hückel theory subsequently was applied to colloidal dispersions by Levine and Dube 〔 . 〕 〔 . 〕 who found that charged colloidal particles should experience a strong medium-range repulsion and a weaker long-range attraction. This theory did not explain the observed instability of colloidal dispersions against irreversible aggregation in solutions of high ionic strength. In 1941, Derjaguin and Landau introduced a theory for the stability of colloidal dispersions that invoked a fundamental instability driven by strong but short-ranged van der Waals attractions countered by the stabilizing influence of electrostatic repulsions. 〔 . 〕 Seven years later, Verwey and Overbeek independently arrived at the same result. 〔 . 〕 This so-called DLVO theory resolved the failure of the Levine–Dube theory to account for the dependence of colloidal dispersions' stability on the ionic strength of the electrolyte. 〔 . 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「DLVO theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.